Diary Entry 4 - Day 3 Filming CANCELLED

We were unable to film today as our actor Olly cancelled on us for personal reasons, we were suppose to film the balloon scene  but we had to move the filming to after the Christmas Holidays on the Saturday the 7th of January. 

Diary Entry 3 - Day 2 Filming

Today we filmed the raining scene at Sophiya's house and the piano scene Charlotte's house, and i think today went really well, for the piano scene we tried our best to get as many shots as we could in order to have different angles of Olly playing the piano, as the piano is the main instrument of the song and is one of his performance acts. For the scene we used high angles, side views, front mid shot and long shot behind him facing a mirror so that we could see his reflection, as we didn't have a lot of space in the room he had to make sure that camera wasn't seen in any of the footage in reflection of the mirror. However, we manged to accomplish that challenge and gained great footage from it. Later on we went to Sophiya's house to shoot the raining scene, since it wasn't raining in the first place and as the scene was in her garden, we decided that to get that 'raining' effect we should spray him with a hose, which we did (and he didn't seem to mind!) and it actually looked like it was raining so that was a positive outcome. We used different shots like long shot front, side mide shot and an extreme side close up of his mouth. 

Diary Entry 2 - Sunday Filming Day 2 - CANCELLED!

Unfortunately, after booking out the camera, the dolly and the tripod for the weekend. One of our actors could not make today's filming so have moved filming to this Tuesday coming after school so we will have to film the 'couple scenes' then.

Music Video Influence: Heart On My Sleeve - Olly Murs

This music video, Heart On My Sleeve by Olly Murs has influenced our music video as well the wide range of shots used in the music video really brings out the emotions of the artist, close ups of his face shows his facial expression and close ups of his hands, rubbing his face and holding his head, gives off the idea that he is worried, frustrated or nervous. The use of panning out from a close up to a mid shot then to a long shot, emphasises on the emptiness in his life. The setting is plain and simple, this could mean that if the girl is out of his life, it means that he is nothing with out her. When he walks down the roads, by the river side, it's normally what couples do and makes the audience feel sorry for him, that instead of being with his girlfriend/ the one he loves he is by himself. The lighting is dim and creates a lonely atmosphere of depression.

Animatic - What We Started

I created the animatic by drawing a series of images that go in order with the music video, this is how we would like the music video to look like and ideas we would like to use. I then scanned in the images and created the animatic on windows movie maker.

Preparation for Filming Day 1 - Prop List, Location

Props:


Video Camera
SLR Camera
Tripod
Tapes x3
Foil
Speakers
Lyrics
Story board
Journey/ Route Planner
Ipod


Location:


Millennium Bridge - South Bank
Costa Cafe - South Kensington
Petersham Road - South Kensington

Music Video Influence: It Will Rain - Bruno Mars

Watching this music video of It Will Rain, influenced our music video as it has a similar story line to our song "What We Started" and our ideas that we have thought of. In this music video there are scenes where there are cuts of the couple in their happy moments, when they are unhappy or having an argument, missing each other (by themselves) and performance scenes, this gives the audience a perspective on their relationship and how 'in love' they were. When the fighting scenes happen the camera movement is moving around them representing the chaos that is happening between them.

The lighting is dark and dim and most of the time the weather is raining which also relates to the title of the song: "It will rain", this is whenever the couple are having an argument which creates the atmosphere of unhappiness and intensity. However, when they are happy and laughing they lighting is adverse, the lighting is bright and the windows are open the weather outside is sunny.  The rain denotes to how he is feeling, and the setting and the location just creates the atmosphere, for example in one scene he is in an empty room alone and upset the walls are stripped down there are buckets on the floor because the rain in going through the roof, this could mean that he is becoming flooded with emotions and the buckets of water and the dripping tap go in time with the song as well. The stripped walls connotate that his life being empty no colour or light without her in his life. 


The extreme close ups when the couple are happy portrays the intimacy of their relationship whereas, when he is unhappy and alone he is at a long shot which emphasises the loneliness and emotions that he is feeling inside. When Bruno looks into a room, it looks like he is looking at when they were happy in that room, showing how they used to be and making it more emotional. 

Diary Entry 1 - Day 1 Filming

Today me and my partner Sophiya went up to London at 12:00pm with our actor Oliver Patriarca to film the performance scenes of the music video. Overall, I think the day and the filming itself went well, however, for one of our planned scene we wanted the actor to sing in the rain, therefore we were hoping for rain but there were no showers that day so we had to do without. 
 Another problem we faced was that one of our locations was at in a Costa cafe in South Kensington were it was quite busy  on the weekend at lunch time and we had to use both outside tables and one of them were being used already. So it took us an hour to wait for them to leave the table which was time consuming and considering it was winter, which means the days are shorter we had to keep in mind that it gets dark around 4-4:30 pm and it was already 2:45 by the time we had finished the scene. 
We then made our way to a quiet road we found also in Kensington where it was suppose to rain and made do without it, after that we went to the Millenium Bridge and in South Bank and even though the winds were fierce we still managed to get a great shot! We are now planning to film the 'couple scenes' next weekend on Sunday at a house.

The Pitch

Locations:
London - The Millenium bridge, South Kensington Costa cafe and Petersham Road
Susie's House - Living Room, Kitchen, Dining Room, Bedroom
Epsom downs - A Hill
Canbury Gardens - Park 


Props:
Board Game, two coffee mugs, guitar


Cast:
Oliver Patriarca
Charlotte Robertson


Narrative:


Basically the main story line of the song is about a guy asking the one he loves for a seconds chance. In the music video, there will be flashes of the happy times and the bad times, this will contrast their memoriesand the audience will understand what went wrong without knowing the full narrative. There will be scenes where he is alone singing to himself, in the rain, on a hill, on the kitchen table where he imagines she is there when really he is just missing her, he also sees a game they used to play on the living room table and throws it across the room because it bring back memories. We will also use the technique of the field of depth, this is when he is at a cafe and he spots a couple in front of them, and he would be blurry and the couple would take over the shot. 


There is also a scene when they are in a park with balloons and they end up on a hill and they let it go and suddenly there will be just one balloon and him by himself on the hill which gives an abstract meaning that he is alone rather than making it obvious. In the end he is at the house in the living room, looking at the ring he was going to propose to her with and she opens the front door and they make up and he hides the ring in his pocket, give the audience the idea that she is the one for him and that one day they will get married.

Mind Map of ideas for the music video

Asking the Artist Permission

As we have chosen to use J R Aquino's original song 'What We Started', we decided to ask his permission because of the issue of copyrights. However, he did not get back to us but we also tried communicating with him through twitter but he did not respond to that either.

Chosen Song: J R Aquino - What We Started Lyrics and Analysis

What We Started - 


Rain on me
I want to feel every drop on my skin
Cause I've made a mess
I just wanna feel clean again


you said I needed to leave
but what I needed was here after all
all along


I couldn't leave
If i wanted
look what we started


we are meant to be
we are meant to see this to the end


Baby I'mma pick you up
promise never let you down
cause your presence around me baby
makes me feel unstoppable
See I've loved & lost
but have never loved like this before
It's like I'm the biggest fan of our love
and I'm asking for an encore


Analysis:


 The song is basically about a man asking for his ex girlfriend for a second chance as he has messed up their relationship in the past most likely more than once, this is shown when he sings :"Rain on me, i want to feel every drop on my skin, cause i've made a mess, i just wanna feel clean again", this means that the rain will wash away all the mistakes he has made and everything would come back to normal.
He is then trying to tell her all the things he will do and the promises he will make "Baby imma pick you up, promise not to let you down". He tells her that they have been through a lot so why should they end their relationship now, even if they want to, they are in too deep, "I couldn't leave you if I wanted, look what we started". He believes that they are soul mates, "meant to see this to the end" meaning he wants to be with her for the rest of her life (marry her). He then goes to say that he has "never felt like this before" and she is his first love and telling her he is the "biggest fan" of their love, which goes to show how much she means to him. 

Record Label - Atlantic Records

Atlantic records have been around for 20 years and started in 1947, formed by the founders of the label Ahmet Ertegue and Herb Abramson where they started in New York City. As Ahmet grew up in Washington , he wanted t know all about the recording business so he spent most of his time at a quality music shop ‘Waxie Maxie’ he had an aspiration to create records. 

Herb grew up collecting jazz and blues records just like Ahmet did and became a part time producer for National Records and that’s how they two founders found each other. Ahmet wanted to collaborate with someone with a solid background in record production so he thought of Herb as of then they formed Atlantic records. 

The recording company was different than other as they did not cheat their performers as other companies did, they gained reputation of being honest to their clients and this was their foundation to their success. Performers even signed on to the labels contract long term because they believed that their loyalties would be paid and wouldn’t regret their decision. The company was also known for recording rhythms, blues, rock and roll and jazz. 

Ahmet died in December 2006 and as of now Craige Kallman is the chairman of the company. Until now Atlantic continues to operate till today as part of Warner Music Group using artists like Bruno Mars, Miss Elliot, Wiz Khalifa, T.I, Trey Songs, B.o.B, Florida and many more.

Third Song Choice

What we started - J R Aquino 

Second Song Choice

Set Fire To The Third Bar - Snow Patrol 

First Song Choice

Hearless Cover - The Fray 

Timeline: Music Video History

C1900 Edison invents the gramophone in the USA: First shift from music as a solely live and audiovisual experience to recorded audio on various forms of disc

1920s Fischinger experiments with sound/vision synchronisation on film - abstracts and visual interpretations

1927 First sound film, the Jazz Singer (Alan Crosland, USA)

1930s Creation of first ‘Soundies’

1939 Introduction of the Panarom

1940s Peak period of MGM Hollywood musical

1954 Elvis Presley records ‘That’s Alright (Mama)’

1960 Scopitone introduced in France

1963 UK’s first music TV programme, Ready Steady Go (ITV)

1963 Top of the Pops TV programme begins (BBC) and The Beatles release the film and album ‘A Hard Day’s Night’ (Richard Lester, UK)

1966 The Monkees’ TV Show start on NBC in the USA - used many devices like surrealism, wacky comedy, lots of action, mixed with musical performance and all typical of music video form today Band members chosen for how they would look on TV but like boy bands like The Beatles from the 1990's onwards.

1967 The Beatles release TV promos for ‘Penny Lane and Strawberry Fields Forever’

1975 Queen: Bohemian Rhapsody (Bruce Gowers)

1977 Saturday Night Fever (John Badham, USA)

1979 Buggles: Video Killed the Radio Star (Russell Malcahy)

1980 David Bowe: Ashes to Ashes (David Mallet and David Bowie)

1981 Pop Clips on Nickelodeon and MTV starts and Duran Duran: Girls on Film (Kevin Godley and LOL Crème)

1983 Michael Jackson: Thriller (John Landis) and Beginning of Country Music Television

1984 Music Box start in Europe and MTV Video Music Awards launched

1985 VH1 begins and MTV taken over by Viacom and Live Aid

1986 Dire Straits: Money for Nothing (Steve Barron) is top video

1987 MTV-Europe (MTV-E) lauched, broadcasting to 1.6m homes and Peter Gabriel: Sledgehammer (Stephan Johnson), wins best director award

1988 MTV-Europe achieves 3.5 subscribers

1989 MTV-Europe reaches 6.7 homes and Live Broadcast from Moscow Peace Festival and Madonna: Express Yourself (David Fincher), wins best director award

1900 Madonna: Vogue (David Fincher), wins best director award and Launch of MTV-Unplugged

1991 Madonna: ‘Justify My Love’ (Jean-Baptiste Mondino)

1992 MTV launches ‘The Real World’, a fly on the wall documentary following the lives of seven people sharing a New York loft.

1993 MTV launches TV Series Beavis and Butthead

1994 REM: ‘Everybody Hurts’ (Jake Scott), wins best director award and Launch of VH1 in UK and Launch of MTV- Europe Music Awards

1997 MTV UK and Ireland launches as stand-alone channel

1998 Launch of ‘Celebrity Deathmatch’

1999 Fatboy Slim: ‘Praise You’ (Spike Jonze), wins best director award

2000 Launch of ‘Jackass’

2001 Launch of MTV Dance

Splitting the group!

After having a long group discussion between myself, Sophiya, Sophie and Tyra, we decided that myself and Sophiya should work as a pair and Sophie and Tyra in another as we had different and conflicting ideas. We had the issue that they liked one song and they had ideas for that and we liked another song and we also already had ideas for it,  my and Sophiya also have similar ideas and similar frees as each other, so it would be easier to find a time when we can work on the project. I am now paired up with Sophiya and we have completed our storyboard and going to pitch our ideas to Ms Thrasher on friday

Music Television History

MTV is the most oldest and influential American cable network, launched in August 1981, it’s introduction started off with John Lack (one of the creators of MTV) spoken on camera saying “Ladies and gentlemen, rock and roll”. The first ever music video that was played on music television was ‘Video Killed the Radio Star’ Featured by the band called the Buggles. By 1984 established as central to the music business and started their own Oscars - The Video Music awards, categories like Best Director, Best Video, Most Experimental, Best Choreography, Best SFX. 

Later one MTV was established by WASEC (Warner Amex Satellite Entertainment Company. Being established made MTV available to have low cost programming in the form of music videos and at times was given free by recording companies as MTV was also used for records and performers to advertise them. It was a ‘flow’ of music videos other than other channels that had programmes; MTV constantly played music and had a schedule for when songs could be played and if they were played again, depending on the people’s favourite song.

At the earliest of MTV, music videos mostly came from Britain as they were fairly well developed. Duran Duran was one of the first British bands that became famous through the American Market, as they had a great appeal to their fans and also created interesting music videos, and from then on the band immediately became popular. It started also become important to many more artists like Madonna, Michael Jackson, Prince and U2, which MTV helped them to become famous.

MTV throughout the years started to grow and developed through stages, and started showing quizzes shows, reality programmes like 'Unplugged' which featured live performances from artists of acoustics and satirical cartoon characters like 'Beavis and Butthead'  which attracted a younger male audience. MTV also started to become available in different places such as Asia and Europe. Different types of music were introduced like rock, pop, hip hop, grime, opera, indie and heavy metal.


Each category has a different MTV channel so it suits the target audience, MTV is still successful till now and is continuingly becoming an influence world wide. However, not only the music has changed through out the years, but also the image of MTV creating a new and modern look each year that went by, keeping the audience entertained.  MTV is now owned by Viacom, a major media conglomerate but one without significant interests in the record company, they are responsible for the shift instead of the narrow rock market, making the interest at a wider range for music genres. and diversified to establish VH1 a more album orientated channel for the older audience. MTV Europe started up with a great success.

Music Video Director Case Study : Anthony Mandler

Anthony Mandler was born in April 18 1973 who is a successful commercial and music video director. It was easy for him to become a hit and gain connection as he was raised in Hollywood with celebrity classmates and industry people around him he was influence by film at a young age. He was also a USC Film graduate. He started off as a photographer taking pictures of celebrities and his work was features on the covers of major magazines like ‘ESPN’ and ‘Entertainment Weekly’ but soon after he wanted to pursue his passion for film so he started directing music videos and is now the hottest video director in strong demand and receives high critical praises. 

Throughout his directing fame are having done music videos for several artists like: Rihanna, Drake, Jay Z, Snoop Dog, Beyonce, Neyo, One Republic and many more.  There for his stardom in the music video industry is because he has a unique style of directing and photography, he has different angles and perspectives for ideas for each song he works with it makes the audience aroused by his talent. Each music video suits the artist and has a modern feel to it each time like in the music video ‘Only Girl In The World’  by Rihanna, it is totally unique, no other music video director has done that before and makes the audience look at things in a different way. 

Music Video Analysis: Foo Fighters - The Pretenders

At the start of the music video there is a extreme high angle shot, showing the location; the warehouse. An instrumental beginning starts to play, having the extreme high angle shot, establishes the location and shows the emptiness of the place, there is also a thick black line in the middle of the location which emphasises the divide between the ‘other side’, however the audience cannot see this yet until later into the music video. He stomps in, wearing a white, representing the good and grabs the guitar, this shows his body language which expresses anger, and it foretells the song that his emotions could be anger.  In the next shot there is a close up shot of his fist, where he wraps a bandage around his knuckles, portraying that he is ready for a fight as he is also clenching his fists also gives another sign of anger and strength. There is then a low angle shot of the ‘other side’ which is dark; it could mean that that side is evil and ‘the opposite’. The low angle shot also means that he is powerful, the audience has to look up at the singer and he is also at the centre of the shot making him the main attraction.

In the next shot there is an extreme close up of the singers face, he is standing in front of a red background which expresses his emotions and how he feels which is anger and frustration; this is also shown by his facial expressions.  Soon after, the tempo of the music starts to become faster and there are a series of jump cuts and fast camera panning are shown, these cuts go in time with the beat, which shows how manic the situation is. A police man comes out from the darkness wearing protective uniform which portrays order, the law and seriousness; he is also wearing a helmet and holding a bat. There is then a crosscutting juxtaposition between an extreme close up of the singer’s faces of his manic expression, contrasting with the clops up of the police who is calm which portrays order and the law. Like the way the singer wrapped the bandage around his hand, the police man closes his helmet for protection but also to ‘get ready’ for the fight.

The tilt from a high angle shot to a low angle centre shot of the police shows the diversity of power between them that has been shifted from the singer to the police. However this is challenged them the next shot is an over the shoulder shot of the lead singer facing the police man, like he is singing to him. The next shot shows a whole pack of the police force coming forward from darkness (while this is at the point of view of the lead singer), the lead singer is still at the centre of the shot, and however, there shot portrays the field of death, the police in line in the background. As he is portrayed as ‘challenging’ them the camera pans out at high angle shot showing there are more numbers of police than the band showing that the band is weak. 

There is then crosscutting between him and the line of police which creates growing tension, then suddenly the police start running towards the band and creates a contrapuntal sound as the police are running in slow motion which the song as at its quietest. 

Soon after the chorus bursts out and gets louder, the red paint begins to spray out which expresses his emotions that are out of control through anger as they lean forward, the police start to become drawn back by the paint, otherwise known as their emotions. Their emotions are stronger the role is reversed, rather than their physical appearance. As the police are being pushed back by the paint the camera is at level with them so from low angle to level shot shows the next stage of becoming weaker, this shows that their opposition is getting beaten and as the band aren’t even moving from their spot proves that they are strong. The jump shots denote chaos and the drums go in time with the cuts, this is alternating between the police and the band shifting the power back to the band and the contrast in power. At the end of the music video he smashes the guitar, which is a typical convention of a rock star, but it also means that the ‘war’ is over and the red paint is turned off and red lighting turns from red to white, showing that they have won the fight.

Preliminary - Music Video

This is the preliminary tasked we were asked to do, we were allowed to pick a song of our choice and create a one minute music video to get used to the style of music video filming. During the task, it made me realise how different it was from a normal television program or to a film as of each take/scene, he had to sing the whole song, so it would be easier to edit so that we would have a wider range of footage, so we were not limited. I enjoyed creating this preliminary task as it got me prepared for the music video project that I have doing now. I have learn from the mistakes that we came across during this preliminary and made sure we were able to over come those obstacles or avoid them during this project. We made sure we had different kinds of shots for example: extreme close up, mid shot and long shot so there was a variation and so that the audience can enjoy the music video in different angles and aspects.
We first need to find different type of locations that would symbolise the rock star image, "rebellion"as the locations had to link in with the song and the artist. We decided to film in London in South bank where there were graffiti and the city and loads of people, as the song is about a corrupted society so we tried to portray that as the image of the music video. We took many London monuments and well known places to establish the location like for example the Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral, China Town and many more. The singer playing his guitar is part of the mise-en-scene and his rugged clothes denote that pop/rock look. 

Star Image - Christina Aguilera

 Christina Maria Aguilera was born December 18, 1980 and is an American recording artist and actress; she is one of the most influence artists of our time. She had a difficult childhood as her father was abusive so she and her mother moved in with her grandmother in Pennsylvania. She started competing in competitions, she was known as 'the girl with the big voice' and this influence getting bullied by jealous girls because of her talent. Christina Aguilera started her career as a star in Disney Channel's television series "The Mickey Mouse Club" where she was found by the "Star Search" program as a contestant along with Justin Timberlake and Britney Spears. This is also where sang her first single "Reflection" from the Disney animated movie "Mulan" after signing on to RCA Records. 

In 1999, Aguilera's popularity rose following her debut album 'Genie in a bottle', 'What a girl wants' and 'Come on over baby (all I want is you)', which were all on the 'Billboard Hot 100'. Later on during her height she also had three hit albums that were a commercial success, including the song 'Beautiful', 'Ain't no other man' and 'Candy Man'. She was an international star in the lime light along with Britney Spears who influenced teenage girls around the world. However, Christina Aguilera's fame started to plummet down after a disappointing sixth album "Bionic" (2010), which had mixed reviews and poor sales. People started thinking that she was trying to copy the famous Lady Gaga's image and as of that time, Lady gaga had just stepped into the lime light in late 2009 and had been increasingly popular with her look and how she dressed, therefore fans accusing her of trying to be something she wasn't. 

 In most Christina Aguilera’s music videos, she has played different types of characters to keep her audience interested, for example Marilyn Monroe, a sailor, or a character in "Moulin Rouge" in Lady Marmalade. Dancing is what she regularly does in her music videos like “Candy Man” where she is dressed up as a sailor and “Ain’t No Other Man” where she is dressed up as Marilyn, being a different character each time makes this her visual motif.  Her motif was her amazing multi-octave voice, which she is famous for and not just her looks. In each music video she changes her character, there are mostly close ups of her face and long shots of her body, showing off her figure which creates that star image. The record company focuses on her voice more than her image.

For camera work and editing, in her old music videos like "Genie in a bottle" and "Come on over" in 1999, the camera focuses on close ups of her face, less make up and her innocent dance moves, portraying her innocence and youth making her a young role model for her fans. However, during her rising fame the more she got famous, her music videos started to give out a sexual essence showing mid - shots of her revealing body, close ups of her assets and lips for example the music video "dirty" in 2002. This also goes to show that Goodwin's theory of ‘Voyeurism’ comes into context with the subject of women being objectified as a sexual pleasure and Mulvey's theory of the "Male Gaze", which is shown through the low angle shots and panning of her body, making the music video appeal to a male audience. She is no longer the innocent young teenager anymore but rather more rebellious and mature artist.

Christina Aguilera has changed her persona throughout her many years of being a pop sensation. In 1999, she was an innocent teenager, talked about crushes and love, basically what a typical teenager would be having problems about, so this appealed to young teenage fans as her genre of music was "Teen Pop". In 2002 with the release of "Dirty" she became more rebellious and seductive showing a totally different and shocking side, which predominately made her audience men, as they enjoyed watching her music videos and provocative dance moves. In 2003, she shown a more powerful, strong and independent woman and is becoming more intimidating to watch, which made her a role model for her fans. She also had a different look; pale skin and black hair, following the fashion at the period of time. This genre of music was "Rock Pop".

Textual Analysis: Only Girl (In the World) - Rihanna

Rihanna is a Barbadian R&B artist who started her singing career since she was sixteen, and soon after signed on to ‘Def Jam Recordings’. Throughout her successful singing career she has gone through different images from innocent and young in 2005-2006 with her songs ‘Pon de Reply’ and ‘If it’s loving that you want’, to a extremely new different look  to ‘Good Girl one Bad’ in 2007-2008 where she was more rebellious and hardcore, her songs were more about sex and domination songs shown through ‘Disturbia’ in 2009-2010 her album ‘Rated R’ and her hit song ‘S&M’ at the same time being abused by ex boyfriend Chris Brown. The pop music video ‘Only Girl in the World’ by Rihanna, was directed by Anthony Mandler in October 2010, the change of looks has helped her with her fan base, making her more popular.

The music video starts off with a montage of different camera angles; flashes of close ups of her face and her long shots of her in the field, this makes it more interesting to look at and it shows the diversity of different editing techniques. I have a creative element that is different to other music videos, for instance; the jaw dropping scenery/ location and the range of camera angles showing off and enhance Rihanna’s star image. There is a deeper meaning to ‘Only girl in the world’, basically her saying that “Make me believe something that is false so you could make me feel good”.

The lighting of the music video is in the sunset, and the pink/red lighting and shades denotes passion, love and happiness, this gives off a positive and dramatic effect making the music video fun and enjoyable for the audience to watch. The flowers in the music video symbolises love and relationships as roses would be something that men would give to women in a positive relationship. In most shots, she is in the fields on her own and this is mostly portrayed in long shots which link in with the lyrics ‘Only Girl in the World’, she is in her own world which sends a strong and powerful message, the long shots to extreme long shots accentuates she is the “Only girl” . She is dancing with a white outfit which is being blown by the gentle wind, this symbolises purity and freedom like a dove. This could also link in with her relationship with her former ex boyfriend and singer Chris Brown who abused her while they were together from 2008 to 2009. This could link in with her hard times she had to go through in her past, she could be free from the abuse, she is now in a healthy relationship and he cannot harm her again, hence the atmosphere of the music of freedom and happiness.

Applying Goodwins theory, although Rihanna is the artist, she is still being objectified having to wear revealing clothes that show her assets like her chest and her long legs. Having long shots of her body, and mid shots of her upper half enhancing her asset, this makes it eye catching for men or a males perspective as men are a dominant group; it is what men would like to see emphasising sexuality. This makes the audience predominately men as well as women, this can also be aspiring for women who want to be or look like her. Her sexual dancing, also objectifies her especially when she puts her finger on her lips which is a sexual innuendo making her seductive, which is geared on notions of voyeurism.

This also sells the artist because not only are they selling the song but they are also selling the artists image otherwise, if she looked boring, there would be nothing to aspire to. This also goes for Laura Mulvey’s; a British feminist film theorist, who came up with the theory of the ‘Male Gaze’ which was influence by the works of Freud. The music video gives off a sexual pleasure when she dances and takes of her jumper during the first few scenes, she becomes more revealing, more or less like a strip tease, to make the music video eye catching, it would be something that men would like to see the indulgence of looking.  She is merely represented to provide visual pleasure to men because of the concept “to be looked at”.

The song can also be understood through synaesthesia because in this song, the beats are strong and they are emphasised through the images by visualising them, this is so that the audience can connect with the audience and can provide some sort of pleasure.

In most of her shot she is in the centre of the shot, making her the main attracting and the main focus, nothing else is going on around her, this illustrates that she is mostly in the centre of every shot, which could mean that she should be the centre of his world and when she looks at the camera you can tell that she is singing to the person that she loves. In the next scene she is seen with colourful balloons in the air behind her which means that she feels on top of the world like she is flying, kind of like being blinded by love. There a links to the lyrics when she sings: “Baby take me high, high”, there is a long shot of her on top of a stack of ladders in the middle calm waters, which denotes that her relationship is untouchable and nothing can destroy that.

While she is on the ladders there Anthony Mandler uses editing techniques  where the video cuts to the beat; the shots go in time with the beat, flashing from close ups of her face to where she is on the Ladder making it interesting to watch. Also near the end of the song when she sings “Take me for a ride” she is on an enormous swing from the sky. In the music video she is portrayed at adventurous, there are scene showering her on unstable ladders, on a large swing in the sky and jumping in front of fireworks portrays her as being invincible because she is in love the fireworks could mean that chemistry they have between her and her lover in their own world and celebrating her love.

There are less editing done in this music video rather than her old music videos where as her old music videos ‘Umbrella’ and ‘Who’s that Chick’ where there was a lot of background drops and editing and dancers where as in ‘Only Girl’ she is filmed in those surreal landscapes. Her motifs that have been used previously would be more seductive as her album before was called: “Good Girl gone Bad” so there were more panning, tilts and close ups of her body than there is now in this music video. Making her image a little more sophisticated but still having that rebellious feel to her. This links into amplification, because although most of the lyrics links to the music videos, some of the lyrics has no relevance to the actual song, for instance, the exaggerated scenery makes it look surreal, it looks like something that would be on the front of a post card. This also shows authenticity of the music video, very rarely music videos are like this and shows the realness of the performance which goes to achieving star quality  and there is no CGI inserted in this music video which also makes it authentic.

Story Board - Disjuctive

 Here we created a disjuctive music video story board of Little Red Riding Hood meaning that there would be a totally different song ( nothing to do with Little Red Riding Hood) the song we chose was The Pretender by The Foo Fighters, because althought the song has nothing to do with this, it still fits.  This is so that the music video wouldnt have a unerstandable narative but the audience would still get the story. Disjunture is a term that describes a music viedo that doesnt go by the song, or ignoring the song and creating a totally different meaning to what the actual song means. This makes the music video orginial and makes it more interesting even though it doesnt have any sense, although it can be seen in an abstract perspective.

Voyeurism

Voyeurism came from the idea of Freud and has been used a lot in the media. It is mostly used to satisfy gender pleasures of cinema, this is done by objectifying females on display; such as showing different parts of the body close up making it seem like its a male powerful and controlling perspective, men as the dominant group, have been the audience. According to Goodwins theory, he states the the female performer artists are regularly objectify, being made to wear extremely revealing clothes and dance seductively. It is also being shown by the camera angles and the editing such as, extreme close ups of body shots, tilting up and down their bodies emphasising the sexuality of it all.

For example the music video 'Milkshake' by Kelis

The female performer, Kelis is wearing a short tight crop top which is revealing along with her tight jeans that show off her curves. The backup dancers dancer erotically in front of the men in short skirts showing their legs, while the men sit there and enjoy basically backing up Andrew Goodwins theory about what men would want to see, that male viewer gaze, which is geared to notions of voyeurism. Motors and women, are what a stereotypical man would love to dream of, therefore, having motors bikes and revealing women shows again, a mans perspective. The camera pans and tilts along the female performer's body, the extreme close ups and dancing on the counter, keeping the viewers entertained, making it sexual. There are also sexual innuendos and symbols, for instance the cherry's, eggs and the buns in the shape of breasts or formed, referring to the idea of looking in order to gain sexual pleasure, the way her necklace sparkles at her chest, alluring the viewers attention.

The same theory also goes for male performances as well, as they may have background dancers to make them look like the "chick magnet", which is part of the star image and heightens the male star ego. Like in the music video Candy Shop by 50 Cent. The girls are all over him, making him look good dressed to impress creating voyeuristic treatment for the male performer. There are mostly close ups and mid-shots of the girls bodies, showing their assets. Again there is the theme of women and cars again just like in the Kelis music video. The women are basically prostitutes, were there are scenes with them in bed with him also portraying how they objectify women and stereotype them in music videos as being "seductive", as being said in the song as well.

However, there is another theory by Laura Mulvey, where she believes that there is a male gaze but also, there is that question, when the male body goes in display, that gives off a sexual pleasure just as much as if a woman would be on display. For example, Madonna has turned the gaze around making her the one in control even though she may be sexual at the same time, the men look like objects instead of herself. Just like in the music video Material Girl, the men shower her with diamonds, gifts and roses, carrying her, staring at her face, admiring her beauty. Therefore, flattering her ego, making her obvious she is the star.